To screen for and diagnose a chlamydia infection Specimen:For women a swab or brush of cells or secretion from your vagina for men or women the initial portion of your urine stream first-catch urine sample sometimes a swab of cells or secretion from a non-genital area that may be infected When To Get Tested: For women yearly screening is recommended if you are sexually active and younger than age 25 or 25 or older and at increased risk for this sexually transmitted disease STD when you are pregnant or considering pregnancy For men yearly screening is recommended if you are a man who has sex with men When you have symptoms of this STD such as pain during urination vaginal discharge and abdominal pain for women or unusual discharge from the penis pain on urination or painful swollen testicles for men When a newborn has conjunctivitis Test Preparation:Tell your healthcare provider about any use of antibiotics or for women douches or vaginal creams you may be asked to avoid using these within 24 hours before testing vaginal samples since they may affect test results Menstruation will not affect results For a urine sample you may be instructed to wait one to two hours after you last urinated before collecting the sample Follow any instructions you are given Normal Test Result:

To determine if your blood glucose level is within a healthy range to screen for and diagnose diabetes and prediabetes and to monitor for high blood glucose hyperglycemia or low blood glucose hypoglycemia to check for glucose in your urine Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm or a drop of blood from a skin prick sometimes a random urine sample is used Some diabetics may use a continuous glucose monitor which uses a small sensor wire inserted beneath the skin of the abdomen to measure blood glucose at frequent intervals and provides a result When To Get Tested: Blood glucose when you are older than 45 years or have risk factors for diabetes when you have symptoms suggesting high or low blood glucose during pregnancy when you are diabetic self-checks up to several times a day to monitor blood glucose levels Urine glucose usually as part of a urinalysis Test Preparation:In general it is recommended that you fast nothing to eat or drink except water for at least 8 hours before having a blood glucose test For people with diabetes glucose levels are often checked both while fasting and after meals to provide the best control of diabetes For random timed and post-meal glucose tests follow your health practitioner s instructions Normal Test Result:

To screen for or diagnose a hepatitis B virus HBV infection or to determine if the vaccine against hepatitis B has produced the desired level of immunity may also be used to guide treatment and assess its effectiveness Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm When To Get Tested: When you have risk factors for HBV infection or when you have signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis when you have a condition that requires chemotherapy or drugs that suppress your immune system and you might have been exposed to HBV in the past when you are being treated for HBV Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result:

To screen for and diagnose a hepatitis C virus HCV infection and to monitor treatment of the infection To learn more about hepatitis C read the article on Viral Hepatitis Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm When To Get Tested: For screening when you have risk factors for HCV infection or were born between 1945 and 1965 per 2012 CDC recommendations For diagnosis when you may have been exposed to the hepatitis C virus such as through contact with infected blood or have symptoms associated with liver disease Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result: range of 15 IU/mL to 100,000,000 IU/mL (1.18 log to 8.00 log IU/mL) for quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum

To screen for or diagnose infection with the herpes simplex virus HSV Specimen:A swab or scraping from a blister or sore in the infected area or a blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm for meningitis or encephalitis a sample of cerebrospinal fluid When To Get Tested: If you have symptoms of an infection with HSV such as blisters in the genital area or symptoms of viral meningitis if you have certain risk factors Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result:

To determine if you are infected with human immunodeficiency virus HIV Specimen:A blood sample collected from a vein in your arm or from a fingerstick there are also HIV antibody tests available that can be performed on oral fluid When To Get Tested: At least once when you are 13 to 64 years old when you think you may have been exposed to the virus before becoming pregnant or when pregnant once a year if you are at increased risk of being exposed to the virus Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result:

To screen for or diagnose an infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum which causes syphilis a sexually transmitted disease STD Specimen:Most often a blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm sometimes a scraping from a chancre in the affected area less commonly cerebrospinal fluid taken via a spinal tap depending on your clinical presentation When To Get Tested: When you have symptoms of a syphilis infection when you are at risk of being exposed to syphilis such as when you have another STD or HIV infection are a man who has sex with men have a sexual partner diagnosed with syphilis or have engaged in high-risk sexual activity when you are pregnant Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result: