To screen for liver damage and or to help diagnose liver disease Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm When To Get Tested: When a healthcare practitioner thinks that you have symptoms of a liver disorder such as abdominal pain nausea and vomiting jaundice yellow skin or potential exposure to hepatitis virus as part of a comprehensive metabolic panel CMP when you have a routine health exam Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result: 7 units per liter (U/L)to 55 units per liter (U/L)

To screen for or monitor treatment for a liver or bone disorder Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm When To Get Tested: As part of a routine liver panel or when you have symptoms of a liver or bone disorder Test Preparation:Fasting overnight preferred but not required Normal Test Result: 44 international units per liter (IU/L) to 147 international units per liter (IU/L)

To diagnose a disease or condition affecting the central nervous system such as infection bleeding within the brain or skull cancer or autoimmune disorder Specimen:A sample of cerebrospinal fluid CSF collected by a health practitioner from the lower back using a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap When To Get Tested: When your healthcare provider suspects that your symptoms are due to a condition or disease involving your central nervous system Test Preparation:You will be instructed to empty your bladder and bowels prior to sample collection It will be necessary to lie still in a curled-up fetal position during the collection and to lie flat and still for a time period after the collection Normal Test Result: CSF total protein: 15 to 60 mg/100 mL. Gamma globulin: 3% to 12% of the total protein. CSF glucose: 50 to 80 mg/100 mL (or greater than two thirds of blood sugar level) CSF cell count: 0 to 5 white blood cells (all mononuclear), and no red blood cells

To screen for or monitor liver disorders or hemolytic anemia to monitor neonatal jaundice Specimen:In adults a blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm in newborns a blood sample from a heelstick non-invasive technology is available in some healthcare facilities that will measure bilirubin by using an instrument placed on the skin transcutaneous bilirubin meter When To Get Tested: When you have signs or symptoms of liver damage liver disease bile duct blockage hemolytic anemia or a liver-related metabolic problem or if a newborn has jaundice Test Preparation:You may need to fast nothing but water for several hours before the test fasting requirements vary by laboratory ask your lab or healthcare provider for instructions Normal Test Result: less than 0.3 mg/dL (less than 5.1 µmol/L) Total bilirubin: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL (1.71 to 20.5 µmol/L)