For pregnant women to assess the risk of your baby having a chromosome disorder such as Down syndrome trisomy 21 or Edwards syndrome trisomy 18 Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm or a blood spot collected on special paper from a finger stick a nuchal translucency requires a special ultrasound exam When To Get Tested: Usually between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy Test Preparation:You may be instructed to have a full bladder when having the nuchal translucency ultrasound performed Normal Test Result: Males older than age 18: 1.0-18.0 International Units Per Liter (IU/L) Postmenopausal women: 16.7 IU/L -113.6 IU/L

To evaluate fertility issues function of reproductive organs ovaries or testicles or to detect the release of an egg from the ovary ovulation to evaluate pituitary function In children to evaluate early or delayed sexual maturation puberty Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm sometimes a random urine sample or a 24-hour urine collection may be taken When To Get Tested: For women when you are having difficulty getting pregnant or are having irregular or heavy menstrual periods when you are tracking ovulation during your menstrual cycle For men when your partner cannot get pregnant or you have a low sperm count low muscle mass or decreased sex drive When your healthcare provider thinks that you have symptoms of a pituitary disorder or hypothalamic disorder When a health practitioner suspects that a child has delayed or earlier than expected sexual maturation Test Preparation:None but the timing of a woman s sample will be correlated with her menstrual cycle Normal Test Result: Men: 1.42 IU/L to 15.4 IU/L. Women, follicular phase of menstrual cycle: 1.37 to 9 IU/L. Women, midcycle peak: 6.17 to 17.2 IU/L.

To screen for and help diagnose thyroid disorders to monitor treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm or from pricking the heel of an infant When To Get Tested: For screening Newborn screening is widely recommended however there is no consensus within the medical community as to the age adult screening should begin or whether screening should be done For monitoring treatment as directed by your healthcare provider Otherwise when a person has symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and or an enlarged thyroid Test Preparation:None needed however certain medications can interfere with the TSH test so tell your health practitioner about any drugs that you are taking If you take thyroid hormone as treatment for thyroid disease it is recommended that your blood sample be drawn before you take your dose for that day Normal Test Result: from 0.4 mIU/L to 4.0 mIU/L for those with no symptoms of an under- or over-active thyroid

To screen for help diagnose and or monitor several diseases and conditions such as kidney disorders or urinary tract infections UTIs Specimen:One to two ounces of urine a sufficient sample is required for accurate results sometimes you may be directed to collect a sample using a clean-catch technique women should spread the labia of the vagina and clean from front to back men should wipe the tip of the penis Start to urinate let some urine fall into the toilet then collect one to two ounces of urine in the container provided then void the rest into the toilet When To Get Tested: When you have symptoms such as abdominal pain back pain frequent or painful urination sometimes as part of a health examination pregnancy check-up hospital admission or pre-surgical work-up Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result: normally slightly acid (4.5 - 7.2 normal range)

To determine if you have a vitamin D deficiency if you are receiving vitamin D supplementation to determine if it is adequate Specimen:A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm When To Get Tested: When you have an abnormal calcium phosphorus and or parathyroid hormone level when you have evidence of bone disease or bone weakness when you are at high risk of deficiency or a healthcare practitioner suspects that you might have a vitamin D deficiency prior to starting drug treatment for osteoporosis periodically to monitor treatment of vitamin D deficiency Test Preparation:None Normal Test Result: between 20 ng/mL and 40 ng/mL

To determine your general health status; to screen for, diagnose, or monitor any one of a variety of diseases and conditions that affect blood cells. A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm or a fingerstick

Abdominal ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to look at organs in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.