The thyroid is a gland that produces and releases hormones that are connected to a variety of systems throughout your body. However, thyroid illness occurs when your thyroid produces either too much or too little of these vital hormones.

So the disorders are classified into a few kinds, including 

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroiditis
• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

What is thyroid?

The thyroid is an organ located in the front part of the neck, it is butterfly-shaped and wrapped around the windpipe. Moreover, the thyroid is a gland.

You have numerous glands throughout your body, where they produce and then release substances that help your body do specific functions. So your thyroid makes hormones that help control many vital functions of your body. So the main functions of thyroid glands are:

1. Regulates the body’s metabolic rate 
2. Controlling heart
3. Muscle control
4. Digestive function
5. Brain development 
6. Bone maintenance

The thyroid gland is an important hormone-producing gland and thus it is crucial to the human body’s metabolism, growth, and development so it helps in the regulation of various body functions by continuously releasing thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.

Types of thyroid disorders

A few known types of thyroid disorders are:

• Hypothyroidism: This disorder appears when thyroid hormone production by the thyroid gland is insufficient. Problems with the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, or hypothalamus might cause it and the symptoms of hypothyroidism are:

1. Constipation 
2. Fatigue 
3. Feeling cold 
4. Fluid retention
5. Muscle and joint pain
6. Depression 
7. Prolonged menstrual bleeding in women

• Hyperthyroidism: It is the excessive production of thyroid hormone, a less common condition than hypothyroidism so common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are:

1. Weight loss
2. Tremor 
3. Nervousness
4. Hike in heart rate
5. Fatigue 
6. Heat intolerance
7. Increase in bowel movements

• Goitre: The term “goitre” refers to the swelling of the thyroid gland but goitre is not an illness by itself. But hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or normal thyroid function are all possible causes of a goitre.

• Thyroid nodules: It is the formation of lumps or nodules in the thyroid. Nodules can be single or numerous, and their size might vary so if nodules are too big, they can produce symptoms including pain and pressure on neighbouring structures. Thyroid cancers, benign cysts and benign tumours are the most common causes of nodules.

• Thyroid cancer: There are different types of thyroid cancer and people under the age of 55 contribute for almost two-thirds of all cases

What causes thyroid problems and diseases?

The main causes of thyroid are fatty food and fat causes thyroid disorders, other common causes for thyroid disorders include:

• Pituitary gland malfunctions
• Cancerous growths in the thyroid gland
• Nodules
• Excessive iodine
• Grave’s disease
• Thyroiditis 
• Non-functioning thyroid gland
• Iodine deficiency
• Subacute thyroiditis

What is the most common thyroid disease?

When your thyroid isn’t functioning properly, it can harm your entire body so two common thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

This condition is formed because of the insufficient and excess production of thyroid hormones.

There are methods to check thyroid disorders at home. It is recommended that you consult a doctor when symptoms of thyroid are visible in your body. Early-stage diagnosing and treatment can prevent or inhibit problems in the thyroid.

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