Bone cancer is one of several types of cancer that can develop in the bones. Bone cancer is a primary bone cancer since it originates in the bone. Tumours that start in the organs or elsewhere in the body can spread to the bones.

Causes of bone cancer

Specialists aren’t exactly sure what causes bone cancer, but they have discovered connections between it and other conditions. Being exposed to radiation or medicines while undergoing treatment for other cancers is the most critical cause. Although this is not always the case, certain bone tumours are caused by diseases that are passed down through families (hereditary).

Types of bone cancer

1. Osteosarcoma

It is the most common variant of bone cancer, developed in the cells that form new bone tissue. This type of cancer is mostly found in children and teenagers. It can begin in any bone, but it is most commonly found at the ends of large bones such as the arms and legs.

2. Ewing sarcoma

It refers to a group of tumours that have similar characteristics and are thought to begin in the same types of cells. These tumours can develop in the bones as well as the surrounding soft tissues. Ewing sarcoma most commonly develops in the ribs, hips, and shoulder blades, as well as on lengthier bones like the legs.

3. Chandrosarcoma 

Chondrosarcoma begins in cartilage tissue. Cartilage is a soft connective tissue that lets bones and joints move. When the body brings calcium to cartilage, some of it becomes bone. This cancer usually develops in the bones of the arm, leg, or pelvis. Unlike osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma affects adults more frequently than children.

4. Chordoma 

It is a rare tumour that starts in the bones related to the spine, generally at the base of the spine or the base of the skull. Chordoma, like chondrosarcoma, is more common in older people. This kind of bone cancer is more common in men than in women.

Signs of bone cancer

Some people with bone cancer have no symptoms. Some may experience a wide range of symptoms. Also, it is important to remember that other disorders such as arthritis or Lyme disease might showcase these same symptoms, so get diagnosed before you reach a conclusion yourself. The following are the most prevalent symptoms of bone cancer,

Pain:  Pain and swelling where the tumour is located are the first signs of bone sarcoma. Initially, the pain may come and go. Later on, it may become more severe and consistent. Movement may aggravate the pain, and there may be oedema in adjacent soft tissue. The discomfort may not go away, and it can happen at any time of day or night. The majority of bone sarcomas in children develop around the knees and can be misunderstood as “growth pain,” resulting in a diagnosis delay.

Limping: When a tumored bone in the leg fractures, it might cause a noticeable limp. Limping is typically a sign of advanced bone sarcoma.

Swelling in joints: A tumour near or within a joint can cause the joint to enlarge, become painful, and stiff. This means a person’s range of motion may be restricted and unpleasant.

Other symptoms: There are a few other less common symptoms. People with bone sarcoma may experience symptoms such as fever, general malaise, weight loss, and anaemia, which is characterised by a low amount of red blood cells.

What increases your risk of bone cancer?

The exact explanation for this is generally unknown, but certain factors can increase your chance of developing bone cancer, including previous radiotherapy treatment. other bone conditions like Paget’s disease of the bone or Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is a rare genetic disorder.

When to see a doctor

Bone cancer is a rare disease. Bone cancer can be successfully treated if found early. Being told you have the disease might fill you with anxiety, frustration, and confusion. Discuss your treatment choices with your healthcare practitioner. You should also think about joining a support group. Speaking with others who are going through similar experiences can be beneficial to your mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

Schedule an appointment with your doctor whenever you experience bone discomfort or swelling. If you’re already receiving treatment for bone cancer, let your doctor know if you notice any new symptoms.

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